这篇关于英语四六级考试常考重点语法详解：从句，是 特地为大家整理的，希望对大家有所帮助！ I 定语从句 1.先行词为all， anything， something， nothing， everything， much， little， none等不定代词时，关系代词一般只用that，不用which。
在大多数情况下that可以省略. Please tell me everything (that) you know about the matter. That’s all (that) we can do at the moment. 2.as引出的限制性定语从句 在such … as的结构中as可作关系代词，引出限制性定语从句。
有时和same连用，在从句中可作主语、宾语或表语等。
Such people as were recommended by him were reliable. I’ve never seen such a talented young man as he is. I have the same trouble as you (have)。
3.as引出的非限制性定语从句 as可作关系代词引出非限制性定语从句，代替整个主句，通常译为“(正)如…一样”，“(正)象…一样”等。
as引导的从句一般用逗号与主句隔开，可以位于主句的前面、中间或后面. I live a long way from work， as you know. She did not， as her friend had feared， break down. As is generally accepted， economic growth is determined by the smooth development of production. 4.分隔式定语从句 定语从句一般紧跟在先行词之后，但有时会被其他句子成分与先行词隔开，从而构成分隔式定语从句。
The days are gone when power politics worked. A new teacher will come tomorrow who will teach you French. 5.介词+关系代词(which/
whom等)引出的定语从句 如果关系代词(which/
whom等)在定语从句中作介词的宾语，那么这个介词可以提到从句前，构成“介词+关系代词(which/
whom等)+定语从句”。
在这种结构中关系代词不可以用that。
This is a subject about which we might argue for a long while. The four travelers with whom I shared the room were pleasant people. 6.关系代词在限制性定语从句中常可以省略，一般有以下几种情况： 1) 关系代词在从句中作直接宾语时，在大多数情况下可以省略。
This is something (that) you must always keep in mind. The man (whom) you just met is our manager. 关系代词作介词宾语时，介词位于句尾时关系代词可以省略;
介词位于关系代词之前时则关系代词不能省略。
This is the room (which) Churchill was born in. This is the room in which Churchill was born.(which不可省略) 2) 关系代词作主语时一般不能省略，但如果关系代词在由there … be存在句构成的定语从句中作主语时常可省略。
This is the only book (that) there is on this subject. The old professor made full use of the time (that) there was left to him to continue his research. 3) 在way后面的定语从句中in which或that通常省略。
That’s the way (that/
in which) I look at it. I don’t like the way (that/
in which) you laugh at her. 7.非限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句修饰先行词或整个主句，起补充说明的作用，如果省略掉，原句句意仍保持完整。
非限制性定语从句要用逗号与主句隔开，其引导词不能用that。
非限制性定语从句属于正式语体。
经常考到的非限制性定语从句有以下三种。
1)由which、as引导的非限制性定语从句。
which、as代表整个主句。
He said that he had never seen her before， which was not true. China is still a developing country， which is known to all of us. 2)由 “介词+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句。
He sent her a letter， in which he said that he was sorry for what he had done to her. He failed to pass the exam， because of which his parents scolded him. 4) 由 “数词、代词或名词+of +关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句。
He had three sons， one of whom was my son’s classmate. There are about twenty students in this course， most of whom are freshmen. They are two different words， the spellings of which are easily confused. Ⅱ 状语从句 状语从句中以下四种从句考得较多，这里给予简单介绍。
1) 时间状语从句 时间状语从句主要由以下连词引导：when， whenever， as， while， since， until， till， before， after， as soon as， once， hardly (scarcely) … when， no sooner … than。
I will discuss the matter with you when we meet tomorrow. He didn’t go to sleep until he finished doing his homework. You have changed a lot since we met last time. 时间状语从句还可由某些可充当连词的名词(the moment， the instant， every time，等)和副词(instantly， directly等)引导： I will tell you the news the instant I know. Directly the teacher came in everyone was quiet. Note： ①before除了可表示 “在…之前”外，还可用来强调主句所表达的时间、距离很长或花费的力量相比较大，可译为“…才”。
(“not … before” 可用来强调主句所表达的时间、距离很短或花费的力量相比较小，可译为“…就”)。
It was a long time before I got to sleep again. They had not been married a month before they quarreled. ②如果位于when引导的分句之前的主句使用过去进行时、过去完成时或“was/
were about to， was/
were on the point of”等结构时，when表示突然发生某事，可译为“正在…突然”或“刚…就”等。
这时，不能够用as或while来代替when。
I was walking on the street when I ran into my old friend John. She had just fallen asleep when the telephone rang. We were about to leave when it began to rain. 2) 条件状语从句 条件状语从句主要由以下连词引导：if， unless， providing/
provided (that)， suppose/
supposing (that)， on condition (that)， as/
so long as， in case等。
So long as you work hard， you will surely achieve good results in examinations. I shall return next Thursday unless something unexpected happens. I will go provided that you go with me. Please give this letter to John in case he comes. 3) 让步状语从句 让步状语从句主要由以下连词引导：though， although， even if， even though， whatever， however， whoever， wherever， no matter how/
what/
where/
when等。
以下介绍几种较特殊的让步状语从句。
(1)while引导的让步状语从句多放在句首，while相当于although，表示“尽管”，“虽然”。
While I admit I did it， I didn’t intend to. While I understand what you say， I can’t agree with you. (2)短语“even now/
then/
so”相当于“though it is/
was true”，表示“尽管如此”，“尽管这样”。
The fire was out， but even so， the smell of smoke was strong. I’ve tried my best， but even now/
then she is not satisfied. (3) as引导的让步状语从句要倒装。
Child as he was， he could speak four languages. Hard as she tried， she failed to get the job. 4) 比较状语从句 比较状语从句主要由以下连词引导：(not) as … as， (not) the same as， (not) such … as， not so … as， than， the + 比较级…， the +比较级…等。
We have had a lot more rainfall this year than we had last year. She can speak English as fluently as her teacher (can)。
Ⅲ 宾语从句 1) 及物动词后的宾语从句 有些动词的宾语从句前还可有一个间接宾语。
I remember that we have learned this word before. I don’t understand what you have said. She asked the teacher how she could learn English well. 2) 介词的宾语从句 It depends on whether you want to do it or not There is disagreement among economists about what money is and how money is measured. Note： 在介词in后面跟that引导的宾语从句中，in that可看成是一个固定的搭配，表示“因为”或“在…方面”。
The evidence is invalid in that it was obtained through illegal means. A turtle differs from all other reptiles in that it has its body encased in a protective shell of its own.。
英语中的定语从句1 1. 中英文定语的位置有什么差别？ (1) 在中文里定语一般是前置，中国古代汉语中存在定语后置的情况；
(2) 英文中一个词修饰另一个词的时候存在前置和后置两种情况，词组和句子修饰一个单词的时候都是后置。
2. 英译汉的主要步骤是什么？ 英译汉“三部曲”：断句、翻译、重读。
3. 英文中的介词翻译成中文时是什么词性？ 英文中的介词可以翻译成为中文里的方位副词和动词。
4. 中英文句式有什么差异？ 中英文的语言顺序： 中文：先出主语+废话（包括定语、状语、补语和插入语等）+最重要成分 英文：先出主语+最重要成分+废话（包括定语、状语、补语和插入语等） 5. 定语从句有几种译法？分别是什么？ 定语从句的翻译主要有以下三种方法： (1) 前置译法：就是将定语从句完全置于被修饰词之前，在定语从句后面加上一个“的”就可以了。
(2) 后置译法：就是将定语从句完全置于被修饰词之后，但是这点要注意的是需要翻译关系词。
(3) 句首译法：就是将定语从句完全置于整个句子的前面，调整全句语序。
但是，这种翻译方法不是十分常见，因为在刚开始学习笔译的时候，我们不主张改变句子结构，不然很容易引起句子的歧义。
6. 循环套用定语从句是什么？怎么进行翻译？ 每一个定语从句都是在修饰前一个定语从句中的最后一个名词，这样就形成了一种循环的状态，我们把这样的定语从句称之为“循环套用”定语从句。
结构如下： 中心词+定语1+定语2+定语3+……定语N 翻译公式： 定语1+定语2≈定语3 就把前两者放在一起翻译 定语1≈定语2+定语3 就把后两者放在一起翻译 如果三个定语一样长，根据经验判断还是把前两个放在一起翻译。
7. 需要断句的长句和不需要断句的长句分别怎样进行翻译？ (1) 第一种，长句不带有很多标点，句子结构比较复杂，要先断句，再翻译，最后就是重读；
(2) 第二种，长句带有很多逗号，首先还是先断句，看看有没有什么不明白的地方。
其次就是在这些句子当中寻找哪个句子更加重要，哪个句子更加不重要。
用专业的说法来说就是寻找句子之间深层次的逻辑关系。
在寻找逻辑关系的同时，把句子的结构弄得十分明确和透彻。
做完这步之后，就着手翻译，然后重读，完成翻译。
8. 直译和意译分别是什么？它们的特点是怎样的？ 直译（metaphrase）是基本保留原文的语言形式，保留原文的异国情调，把一种语言的形式和内容变为另外一种语言的形式和内容的过程。
意译（paraphrase）是不必拘泥于原文的形式，将一种语言所表达的意义，用另一种语言进行释义性的解释。
英语中的定语从句2 一、关系词 关系词可分为： 关系代词：which、that、who、whom、whose 等 关系副词：when、where、why 等 关系词常有 3 个作用：引导定语从句、代替先行词、在定语从句中担当一个成分，如主语、宾语、定语和状语等 The girl who is singing in the classroom is my sister. 在班里唱歌的那个女孩是我妹妹 This is the room where he once lived. 这是他曾经住过的房间 关系代词 关系代词所代替的先行词是表示人或物的名词或代词，并在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。
关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致 1、who、whom、that 这些词代替的先行词是指人的名词或代词，who 作主语指人，whom 作宾语指人，that 既可作主语又可作宾语(作宾语可以省略)，可以指人也可以指物。
在从句中所起作用如下： The boys who are playing football are from Class one. 正在操场上踢足球的男孩子是一班的 (who作主语) She is the girl whom/
that I saw yesterday. 她就是我昨天见的那个女孩 (whom/
that 作宾语) The number of the people that/
who came to China each year rises one million. 来中国的人数每年增加一百万(that/
who 作主语) 2、whose 用来指人或物；
若指物，可以与 of which 互换；
若指人，与 of whom 互换 I have a classmate whose father is a doctor. 我有个同学的爸爸是医生 Please give me the pencil whose (of which) color is green. 请把那根绿色的铅笔给我 3、which、that 它们所代替的先行词是指物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，作宾语时可以省略 Computer game is something that is liked by most boys. 大多数男孩都喜欢电脑游戏 (that 作主语) Where is the book that I read this morning? 我今天早上读的书在哪里？(that 作宾语) 常见的关系副词有： why = for which where = in/
at/
on/
...which when = during/
on/
in/
...which 1、when 指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语 The time when we got together finally came. 我们在一起的时刻终于到来了 I still remember the day when I first came to school. 我依然记得第一次来学校的那天 2、where 指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语 Beijing is the city where I was born. 北京是我的出生地 The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down. 我十年前的房子已经倒塌了 3、why 指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语 Please tell me why you are late. 请告诉我你为什么迟到了 I don'
t know the reason why he looks unhappy today. 我不知道为什么他今天看起来不开心 关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换 The reason why/
for which he refused the invitation is not clear. 他拒绝邀请的原因不清楚 Great changes have taken place in the city where/
in which I was born. 我出生的城市发生了很大变化 4、介词 + 关系代词引导的定语从句 This is the school in which I studied two years ago. 我两年前在这个学校学习 Do you remember the day on which we met each other? 还记得我们相遇的那天吗？ Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine for which you asked. 明天我会把你要的杂志带来 We'
ll go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked. 明天我们将要去听那个我们经常说起的歌手的演唱会 注意事项 1、若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时用 whom，不可用 who 或 that；
指物时用 which，不可用 that；
关系代词是所有格时用 whose The man with whom you talked is my friend. 和你说话的那个人是我的朋友 The plane in which we flew to Canada is very comfortable. 我们去加拿大乘坐的飞机很舒适 2、含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用，例如：look for、look after、take care of 等 This is the book which/
that I am looking for. 这就是我正在找的书 3、“介词 + 关系代词”前可有 some、any、none、both、all、neither、most、each、few 等代词或数词 He loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him. 他很爱他的父母，他们对他很好 In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad. 篮子里有很多苹果，其中一些已经坏了 There are forty students in our class, most of whom are from big cities. 我们班在 40 个学生，大多数来自大城市 二、限定性与非限定性定语从句 限定性定语从句 限定性定语从句，不用逗号和主句隔开，是先行词不可或缺的定语，不能删除。
可翻译成先行词的定语，“...的...”，关系词可用 that, 可用 who 代替 whom，作宾语时可省略 China is a country which has a long history. 中国是拥有悠久历史的国家 My mother told me that she was the only person that I could depend on. 妈妈告诉我她是我唯一可依靠的人 下面是限定性定语从句只能用 that 的几种情况 1、当先行词是 anything、everything、noting(something 除外)、few、all、none、little、some 等代词时，或者是由 every、any、all、some、no、little、few、much、each 等修饰时，只能用 that，但有时可以省略 Have you taken down everything (that)/
/
Mr.Lihas said? 你记下了李先生说的'
一切了吗？ There seems to be nothing (that) seems impossible for him in the world. 对他来说，世界上似乎没有什么事是不可能的 All that can be done has been done. 所有能做的都做了 There is little (that) I can do for you. 我几乎不能为你做什么 2、当先先词前面有 who、which 等疑问代词时，只能用 that Who is the man that is standing there? 正站在那儿的那个人是谁？ Which is the T-shirt that fits me most? 那件T恤最适合我？ 3、当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时，只能用 that This is the best film that I have seen. 这是我看过的最好的一部电影 4、当形容词被 the very、the only、the same、the last 修饰时，只能用 that This is the very good dictionary that I want to buy. 这就是我想买的那本很实用的字典 After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thin that he owned. 他家遭遇火灾之后，他仅剩那辆旧车 (当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用 who) Wang hua is the only person in our school who will attend the meeting. 我们学校仅有王华将去参加会议 5、当先行词被序数词修饰时，只能用 that The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben. 他们在伦敦首先参观的是大本钟 6、当关系代词在定语从句中作表语时，只能用 that The village is no longer the one that is used to be 10 years ago. 乡村已经不是10年前样子了 7、当先行词既有人、也有物时，只能用 that The writer and his works that you told me about are admired by us all. 我们所有人都羡慕你告诉我的那位作家和他的作品 非限定性定语从句 非限定性定语从句用逗号和主句隔开，是先行词的补充说明，删除后意思仍完整，通常翻译成主句的并列句。
关系词不可省略，不能用 that，不能用 who 代替 whom China, which was found in 1949, is becoming more and more powerful. 中国，在 1949 年成立，现在变得越来越强大了 His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him. 他的妈妈很爱他，对他也很严格 as 和 which 引导非限制性定语从句，有相同也有不同之处 1、as 和 which 都可以在定语从句中作主语或宾语，代表前面整个句子 He married her, as/
which was natural. 他娶了她，这很自然 He was honest, as/
which we can see. 他很诚实，我们都能看到 2、当先行词被 such、the same 修饰时，常用 as I have never heard such a story as he tells. 我从没听过他讲的这个故事 He is not such a fool as he looks. 他实际上不是看起来那么傻 This is the same book as I lost last week. 这本书和我上周丢的那本一样 3、当先行词由 the same 修饰时，偶尔也会用 that 来引导定语从句，但是和由 as 引导的定语从句意思不同 I wore the same dress that I wore at Tom'
s wedding. 我穿着在汤姆婚礼上穿过的那条裙子 I wore the same dress as my young sister wore. 我和我妹妹穿着一样的裙子 4、as 引导的非限制性定语从句，可放在主句之前，或者主句之后，甚至可以切割一个主句；
which 引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。
另外，as有“正如...正像...”的意思 As is known to all, China is a developing country. 众所周知，中国是发展中国家 He is from the south, as we can see from his accent. 从他的口音，我们知道他是从南方来的 John, as you know, is a famous writer. 正如你所知，约翰是一个著名的作家 He has been to Paris more than several times, which I don'
t believe. 我不相他去过巴黎很多次 Tom was always late for school, which made his teacher angry. 汤姆上学总是迟到，这让老师很生气 注意：当主句和从句存在逻辑上的因果关系时，常用 which。
定语从句(Attributive Clauses)在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。
1、由who, whom, that，Whose引导的从句这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，who作主语指人，whom作宾语指人，that既可作主语又可作宾语（作宾语可以省略），可以指人也可以指物。
Whose 用来指人或物，只用作定语。
(1) Is he the man who/
that wants to see you? 他是那个想见你的男人吗？（who/
that在从句中作主语）(2) He is the man whom/
that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。
（whom/
that在从句中作宾语）(3) The man whom you spoke to just now is our English teacher 你刚刚说话的那个男人是我们的英语老师。
(4) he man whose son is a doctor is our professor. 那个儿子是医生的男人是我们的教授。
2、由which, that引导的从句它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，作宾语时可以省略，例如：(1) Prosperity which /
that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。
（which /
that在从句中作主语）(2) The package (which /
that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿那个包裹快要散开了。
(which /
that在从句中作宾语）。
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