而定语从句的先行词是数量无数的指人或物的普通意义名词。
2)先行词(同位语词)在从句的作用不同:同位语从句表示同位名词的具体内容,从句具有解释和说明先行词的作用,并且先行词在从句中不做任何成分;
而定语从句是对先行词的限制、描绘或说明,先行词在从句中做一定的成分。
3)引导词不同:what, how, whether等不能用于引导定语从句,但可用于引导同位语从句。
4)引导词的作用不同:引导同位语从句的that是连词,在从句中不充当任何成分;
而引导定语从句的that为关系代词,在从句中充当一定的句子成分。
5)判定定语从句和同位语从句的基本方法(或称土办法):由于同位语从句是用以说明和解释被修饰名词的具体内容的,所以它可以转换成同位名词的表语,构成我们所讲过的五种简单句中的 ”主系表结构”: 主语(先行词或称同位语词)+表语(同位语从句);
而定语从句则不能做这种转换。
如:I hold the belief that where there is a will, there is a way. (that引导的是同位语从句,它在从句中不充当句子成分)相当于:The belief is that where there is a will, there is a way.(批注:读者们,这点明白了,就迎刃而解了,不是吗?一定意义上讲:没有抽象名词,也就不会有同位语从句了,明白了吗?)同位语从句与定语从句的区别(二)1)从句法功能上来看同位语从句中连接词that在从句中不作句子成分,也没有词汇含义,只起连接作用,其作用大致相当于一个冒号;
而引导定语从句的that是关系代词,且在句中充当句子的成分(主语或宾语)。
如:I hold the belief that where there is a will, there is a way. (that引导的是同位语从句,它在从句中不充当句子成分)The letter that I received yesterday was from my sister. (that引导的是定语从句,它在从句中充当宾语)2)从意义上来看同位语从句所表达的内容与作为中心词的名词所表达的内容是一样的,两者之间可以划等号;
而定语从句则是限制或修饰中心词的,中心词所表达的内容不等于定语从句所表达的内容。
如:He told me the news that his uncle would come home from abroad on National Day. (that引导的是同位语从句,其中the news = his uncle would come home from abroad on National Day)This is the factory that we visited last month. (that引导的是定语从句,其中 the factory≠ we visited last month.)3)从中心名词上来看同位语从句中的中心名词常是一些表示概括意义的抽象名词,这类名词有fact, idea, view, thought, order, suggestion, news, truth, hope, promise, answer, belief, condition, doubt, fear, problem, proof, question 等。
而定语从句中的中心名词是没有限定的。
4)从that是否可以省略来看引导同位语从句的连词that一般不能省略,而在定语从句中,that作宾语时,可以省略。
另外,引导定语从句的that若指事物,它可以用which来代替,而在同位语从句中,that 永远不能用which替代。
如:We know the fact that money talks. 我们知道有钱能使鬼推磨这个事实。
(同位语)I want to study Chinese that (which) is getting more and more popular around the world.。
同位语从句中连接词that在从句中不作句子成分,也没有词汇含义,只起连接作用,其作用大致相当于一个冒号;
而引导定语从句的that是关系代词,且在句中充当句子的成分。
具体区别如下:1、 被修饰的词不同:同位语从句的前面一般是数量有限的、表示抽象意义的名词;
而定语从句的先行词是无数的指人或物名词。
例子:Word came that he had been abroad.(同位语从句)这个消息传来,他在国外。
Our team has won the game, which made us very happy.(定语从句)队伍的取得胜利使我们高兴。
2. 从句的作用不同:同位语从句表示同位名词的具体内容,而定语从句是对先行词的限制、描绘或说明。
例子:The news that our team has won the game was true. (同位语从句)我们队赢了那场比赛的消息是真的。
The news that he told me yesterday was true.(定语从句)昨天他告诉我的那个消息是真的。
3. 引导词不同:what, how, whether等不能用引导定语从句,但可用于引导同位从句。
例子:That question whether we need it has not been considered.(同位语从句)我们是否需要它这个问题还没有考虑。
The order hat we received yesterday was that we hould send a few people to help the other groups.(定语从句)我们应派几个人去帮别的几个小组的命令昨天收到了。
4. 引导词的作用不同:引导同位语从句的that是连词,在从句中不充当任何成分;
而引导定语从句的that为关系代词,在从句中充当一定的句子成分。
例子:The news that got around the town made people happy.(定语从句)我们的队赢了,这让我们The news that he came back made people happy.(同位语从句)他回来的消息让人们感到。
5. 判定定语从句和同位语从句的方法:由于同位语从句是用以说明被修饰名词的具体内容的,所它可以转换同位名词的表语;
而定语从句则不能作这种转换。
例子:At the first day, I booked a kind of magazine that Tom had recommended to me.(定语从句)在第一天,我在读汤姆推荐我的杂志。
he fact can`t be accepted by the fans that we lost the swimming game .(同位语从句)因为他放不下架子,所以我们输了游泳比赛。
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